NAD+

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) is a critical coenzyme found in all living cells. It exists in two forms: an oxidized and reduced form, abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH, respectively. NAD+ plays a fundamental role in cellular metabolism, acting as an electron carrier in redox reactions and serving as a substrate for enzymes such as sirtuins and PARPs. In scientific research, exogenous NAD+ is utilized to study cellular energy metabolism and epigenetic regulation. Researchers investigate the pathways of NAD+ biosynthesis and salvage, as well as the biochemical consequences of altered NAD+ levels on cellular senescence, DNA repair mechanisms, and mitochondrial function in vitro.